using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace MsgReader.Mime.Decode
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Utility class for dealing with encoded word strings<br/>
	/// <br/>
	/// EncodedWord encoded strings are only in ASCII, but can embed information
	/// about characters in other character sets.<br/>
	/// <br/>
	/// It is done by specifying the character set, an encoding that maps from ASCII to
	/// the correct bytes and the actual encoded string.<br/>
	/// <br/>
	/// It is specified in a format that is best summarized by a BNF:<br/>
	/// <c>"=?" character_set "?" encoding "?" encoded-text "?="</c><br/>
	/// </summary>
	/// <example>
	/// <c>=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=2D?=</c>
	/// Here <c>ISO-8859-1</c> is the character set.<br/>
	/// <c>Q</c> is the encoding method (quoted-printable). <c>B</c> is also supported (Base 64).<br/>
	/// The encoded text is the <c>=2D</c> part which is decoded to a space.
	/// </example>
	internal static class EncodedWord
    {
        #region Decode
        /// <summary>
	    /// Decode text that is encoded with the <see cref="EncodedWord"/> encoding.<br/>
	    ///<br/>
	    /// This method will decode any encoded-word found in the string.<br/>
	    /// All parts which is not encoded will not be touched.<br/>
	    /// <br/>
	    /// From <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2047">RFC 2047</a>:<br/>
	    /// <code>
	    /// Generally, an "encoded-word" is a sequence of printable ASCII
	    /// characters that begins with "=?", ends with "?=", and has two "?"s in
	    /// between.  It specifies a character set and an encoding method, and
	    /// also includes the original text encoded as graphic ASCII characters,
	    /// according to the rules for that encoding method.
	    /// </code>
	    /// Example:<br/>
	    /// <c>=?ISO-8859-1?q?this=20is=20some=20text?= other text here</c>
	    /// </summary>
	    /// <remarks>See <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2047#section-2">RFC 2047 section 2</a> "Syntax of encoded-words" for more details</remarks>
	    /// <param name="encodedWords">Source text. May be content which is not encoded.</param>
	    /// <returns>Decoded text</returns>
	    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If <paramref name="encodedWords"/> is <see langword="null"/></exception>
	    public static string Decode(string encodedWords)
	    {
	        if (encodedWords == null)
	            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(encodedWords));

	        // Notice that RFC2231 redefines the BNF to
	        // encoded-word := "=?" charset ["*" language] "?" encoded-text "?="
	        // but no usage of this BNF have been spotted yet. It is here to
	        // ease debugging if such a case is discovered.

	        // This is the regex that should fit the BNF
	        // RFC Says that NO WHITESPACE is allowed in this encoding, but there are examples
	        // where whitespace is there, and therefore this regex allows for such.
	        const string encodedWordRegex = @"\=\?(?<Charset>\S+?)\?(?<Encoding>\w)\?(?<Content>.*?)\?\=";
	        // \w	Matches any word character including underscore. Equivalent to "[A-Za-z0-9_]".
	        // \S	Matches any nonwhite space character. Equivalent to "[^ \f\n\r\t\v]".
	        // +?   non-greedy equivalent to +
	        // (?<NAME>REGEX) is a named group with name NAME and regular expression REGEX

	        // Any amount of linear-space-white between 'encoded-word's,
	        // even if it includes a CRLF followed by one or more SPACEs,
	        // is ignored for the purposes of display.
	        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2047#page-12
	        // Define a regular expression that captures two encoded words with some whitespace between them
	        const string replaceRegex = @"(?<first>" + encodedWordRegex + @")\s+(?<second>" + encodedWordRegex + ")";

	        // Then, find an occurrence of such an expression, but remove the whitespace in between when found
	        // Need to be done twice for encodings such as "=?UTF-8?Q?a?= =?UTF-8?Q?b?= =?UTF-8?Q?c?="
	        // to be replaced correctly
	        encodedWords = Regex.Replace(encodedWords, replaceRegex, "${first}${second}");
	        encodedWords = Regex.Replace(encodedWords, replaceRegex, "${first}${second}");

	        var decodedWords = encodedWords;

	        var matches = Regex.Matches(encodedWords, encodedWordRegex);
	        foreach (Match match in matches)
	        {
	            // If this match was not a success, we should not use it
	            if (!match.Success) continue;

	            var fullMatchValue = match.Value;

	            var encodedText = match.Groups["Content"].Value;
	            var encoding = match.Groups["Encoding"].Value;
	            var charset = match.Groups["Charset"].Value;

	            // Get the encoding which corresponds to the character set
	            var charsetEncoding = EncodingFinder.FindEncoding(charset);

	            // Store decoded text here when done
	            string decodedText;

	            // Encoding may also be written in lowercase
	            switch (encoding.ToUpperInvariant())
	            {
	                    // RFC:
	                    // The "B" encoding is identical to the "BASE64" 
	                    // encoding defined by RFC 2045.
	                    // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045#section-6.8
	                case "B":
	                    decodedText = Base64.Decode(encodedText, charsetEncoding);
	                    break;

	                    // RFC:
	                    // The "Q" encoding is similar to the "Quoted-Printable" content-
	                    // transfer-encoding defined in RFC 2045.
	                    // There are more details to this. Please check
	                    // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2047#section-4.2
	                    // 
	                case "Q":
	                    decodedText = QuotedPrintable.DecodeEncodedWord(encodedText, charsetEncoding);
	                    break;

	                default:
	                    throw new ArgumentException("The encoding " + encoding + " was not recognized");
	            }

	            // Replace our encoded value with our decoded value
	            decodedWords = decodedWords.Replace(fullMatchValue, decodedText);
	        }

	        return decodedWords;
	    }
	    #endregion
	}
}